Varicosis is a scourge of our time.According to clinical research, on the planet, approximately half of the entire population suffers from one form of pathological disorders of the circulatory-vascular system.Women, in their physiological characteristics, are more prone to the disease.Its number is up to 40% of the total number of patients.While men are only in 20% of cases subject to this pathology of blood vessels.
Most of the time, the people of the Middle Ages group (30-40 years) and the elderly suffer from violation of venous blood circulation.The first disease affects the lower extremities.
The symptoms and treatment of varicose veins in the legs are closely interconnected and provide a preventive examination of blood vessels for the selection of proper therapy.
Clinical image
The dysfunction of venous blood flow is developed due to damage to the valves of the perforating veins (connection), its overload and deformation.When the work of the deep (internal) arteries is altered, the blood circulation becomes chaotic, which leads to its ingestion and the formation of characteristic nodes.It is not intended to transport such a powerful blood flow, the thin veins stretch, forming vascular balls and the notorious "snakes" blue (sinuous veins, which appear on the surface of the skin).Such defects are clearly visible to the naked eye or in the palpation of the site of destruction.
Varicose veins belong to progressive pathologies, which without timely treatment are loaded with healthy complications and disabilities.Incorrect blood reflux has different manifestations, depending on the severity of the status of patients with blood vessels, and is expressed through an increase in intellectual pressure and the appearance of excessive leg fatigue, swelling, gravity on the feet and ankles, regular seizures.In advanced cases of varicose veins in places of vascular damage, the formation of wounds, ulcers and blood clots is possible.
Varicosis is primary and secondary.In addition to the lower extremities, the place of dislocation of the disease is also the stomach, the esophagus, the pelvic organs, the testicles, the seeds of the seeds, the penis, the colon.In case of violation of the blood flow of the deep veins, the pathology proceeds quite difficult, which leads to weakening the walls of the blood vessels, expanding the internal cavity of the arteries and the transition from the disease to a chronic form (venous insufficiency).Therefore, as soon as possible the varicose veins are diagnosed, the greater the possibilities of recovery and less the risk of pathological complications.
For what is formed
The causes of venous expansion are different factors.Conventionally, they can be divided into basic and secondary.The main sources of varicose veins are:
- Constant and heavy physical effort;
- Long stay with a static position: sitting or standing;
- Adverse environmental conditions, for example, constantly high air temperature;
- Body weight fluctuations or chronic obesity;
- Hormonal Implaxmal: a period of pregnancy or menopause;
- Endocrine system diseases;
- Genetic hereditary predisposition, manifested in the characteristics of the structure of blood vessels, namely, congenital anatomical inferiority of venous valves and the weakness of the connective tissue of the arterial walls;
- Neurosis.
In addition, indirect dysfunction of the venous-vascular system can:
- The systematically repeated tensions that affect the state of the arteries and nerve endings, which causes an increase in pressure and elasticity to increase;
- Professional sports classes with the main emphasis on the lower extremities: raise the bar, the long distance race, etc.;
- Using uncomfortable clothes and shoes, something that is tight in the pelvis and legs, narrow and high height shoes in the area;
- Previously transferred lesions of the lower extremities (fractures);
- An elderly, as a result of which the functionality of the epithelial cells, which contributes to the weakening of the veins walls, the altered valves and an increase in the internal volume of the arteries.
In history, the development of varicose veins, as a rule, is not stimulated by one, but by a complex of factors.
Symptoms of the disease
Varicose veins can have a variety of manifestations that depend on the degree of complexity of the pathology and the physiological characteristics of the patient's body.According to the stages of the varicose veins, the following symptoms of the blood vessels are observed:
- Venous patterns or "stars" (teelangioectasia) in the skin;
- Extremities swelling, especially at the end of the day;
- Leg pain or along their veins when they feel;
- Periodically repeated seizures;
- Fatigue, especially in hiking;
- Visual manifestation of the veins on the surface of the skin;
- Feeling of heaviness in the legs;
- Ardor in vein injury;
- Muscle itching;
- Pain of nature and different pains;
- The formation of twisted veins in the area of the legs and feet;
- Dermatological changes in the skin: the appearance of dryness, pigmentation, darkening;
- Development of dermatitis, eczema and trophic disorders in the form of wounds and ulceration;
- Comaction of the skin in places of progression of varicose veins;
- The formation of bruises.
Rarely, but sometimes the rupture of venous nodes and the appearance of subcutaneous bleeding.In this case, the situation requires emergency medical care and surgical intervention.
Symptoms can manifest from adolescence.Developing imperceptibly, after a while, the disease is felt by a mass of unpleasant health consequences.If at least one is present from the previous signs, an exam must be carried out immediately.Sura patients with a phlebologist or surgeon.
Classification
Based on the decision of the international scientific community, the pathological expansion of the veins of the lower extremities is usual to systematize according to the special classifier of the pathology of anatomy of CEAP or CEAP etiology.Based on this typology, varicose veins have 6 clinical stages:
- Zero.Significant subjective complaints of the patient about some of the symptoms of the varicose veins are observed, but with the visual examination and the medical examination, the obvious signs of the disease are still absent.
- I grade.On the skin surface, small vascular networks, weird edema, heaviness, burning, a feeling of "buzzing" on the legs.
- II Grade.The starting point of the true varicose veins is considered.It is characterized by an external manifestation other than enlarged vessels, the formation of venous nodes that are exacerbated after a long stay in a static state or high roof walks.From this stage, thrombosis is observed.
- III grade.The symptoms of the second group bind by a regular swelling, more notable at the end of the day and pulling, the pain in the calves.
- IV grade.Trophic changes in the skin are observed.Due to excessive accumulation in the epidermis of the pigment, the skin begins to change its dark brown to black color.It is also possible to develop small local inflammations in erythema or wet wounds, which takes the atrophy of dermis and ulcers over time.
- V Degree.It has the same course as the fifth stage, but with the acquired trophic ulceration.
- VI grade.It is characterized by severe progression with the formation of wounds and unknown ulcers.
The varicose veins are serious.Without timely treatment and constant prevention, progress quickly and leads to irreversible consequences and serious consequences, until death.Only 10 years is enough to make a diagnosis of varicose veins, so that the pathology of the first stage develops in the VI-YU.
Complications
The effect of varicose veins on the body is extremely negative.If at the beginning, the disease does not manifest in any way, causing only rare discomfort and insignificant cosmetic defects, then in the subsequent stages the pathology becomes a pronounced character and leads to serious consequences for long -term health.The changes occur at a deeper level, which affects the entire functional system of the body.
Then, as a result of the alteration of the reflux and stagnation of venous blood in the arteries, the access of the oxygen saturated blood supply to tissues and organs slows down, which causes the starvation of oxygen and, as a result, hypoxia.At the same time, the pressure inside the arteries grows, expanding and increasing the vessels of the venous channel in the volume.In the body, toxins, due to metabolism products begin to accumulate in the body, causing skin inflammation (dermatitis) and the pathological condition of subcutaneous tissue (cellulite).In the walls of the little ones, irreversible changes occur.
The greatest danger of varicose veins are their complications manifested with their background.The most frequent and common consequences of deteriorated reflux are:
- The swelling of the lower extremities, which becomes constant and does not happen even after a long break;
- Static pain in legs of different intensity;
- Episodes of muscle cramps, increasing at its frequency;
- Constant fatigue and heaviness in the legs;
- Greater weakness and body temperature;
- The development of dermatitis, manifested in the form of an eruption with itching;
- Chronic skin inflammation (eczema);
- The formation of open trophic ulcers;
- Severe arterial bleeding during lesion due to deteriorated blood coagulation;
- Thickening (accumulation) in places of stretching of blood veins and the formation of blood clots, obstructing the internal space of a sickly glass;
- Phlebotrombosis;
- Subcutaneous fat switch thickening;
- Skin hyperpigmentation;
- Bleeding of varicose nodes;
- Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the internal walls of the veins.
Without proper treatment, pathology constantly progresses and enters a permanent state, causing chronic venous insufficiency and pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. The latter refers to extremely serious complications and is full of sudden death.But even in an unattered situation, varicose veins are enormous, significantly reducing the general quality of the patient's life.
Pathology in men
The pathology of the veins has no gender.However, according to pathogenesis, the disease is conditionally divided into male and female varicose veins with their own training and development details inherent to each of them.Therefore, the characteristics of male physiology do not contribute to the formation of representatives of the strong half of the problems of humanity with their veins, but there are a number of factor factor for this.Among them:
- Hard physical work or professional sport associated with load wear;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Poor nutrition;
- Genetic tendency;
- Prolonged use of hormonal drugs;
- Bad habits.
Varicosis develops in men more frequently at the age of 40 and is accompanied by a greater fatness of the legs, the lower part of the legs, the visible edema, the venous pattern on the surface of the skin, frequent seizures and itching in the skin by the type of allergic dermatitis.In some cases advanced, blood clots and vascular infection are possible.And if at first the disease is invisible, over time its manifestations become obvious.But the main changes occur inside the veins, whose walls are weakened so much that anyone, even insignificant, in them, the effect of the toxic substance or infection causes its damage.The technique of treating varicose veins in men is the same as women and has no specific characteristics.
Pathology in women
The beautiful half of the population suffers from varicose veins several times more often than men.The favorable factors for this are:
- Use high roof or selected shoes does not agree with the size and fullness of your leg;
- Pull strip clothes or too tight that avoids normal blood circulation;
- The work that requires the whole day is a seller, administrator at the reception, hairdressing, teacher, cook, etc.;
- Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, childbirth and restructuring related to body age (menopause);
- Weight experiments: frequent fluctuations in body weight, extreme diets aimed at losing acute weight, not controlled set of extra kilos.
They are women who are frequent patients with phlebologists and cosmetologists.In an effort to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the skin as long as possible, women are more responsible for the treatment of varicose veins than men and achieve visible improvements in the clinical state of the arterial system.
Given the greatest natural tendency to varicose veins, the appearance of symptoms such as swelling of the legs, excessive legs, itching to the skin and the sensation of ardor, the manifestation of small glasses and the venous pattern must seriously alert a woman and become a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.
Disease diagnosis
To make an accurate diagnosis of varicose veins, as well as determine the degree of gravity, special research methods are used.The standard exam scheme when accessing a phlegm consists of the following procedures:
- Collect anamnesis of the disease, which establishes possible risk factors and causes;
- Visual examination of the patient by changing the last position, as well as the palpation of places of veins injury;
- Laboratory blood analysis;
- Duplex sinography of ultrasound color of the arteries of the lower extremities, which allows a medical opinion to be carried out correctly, measure the speed and direction of the blood flow, draw a map of its movement, obtain a characteristic and a clear image of the blood vessels;
- Vascular ray (flobography) using a contrast matter to determine the appearance and shape of the veins, the functional capacities of the valves and the direction of the blood flow.
Often, these research methods are sufficient to determine the exact clinic, however, in certain cases, they resort to the use of additional diagnostic methods:
- CT three dimensional (computerized tomography) with phlebography;
- PhotoPlography, which provides the use of infrared radiation and the light of a phototransistor or phototransistor;
- Floboscintography based on the use of radionuclide isotopes and phlebomanometry, dynamic venous pressure examination of the lower extremities;
- Lymphosphostigraphy that shows the condition and degree of change in lymph nodes.
The doctor establishes the need to use a particular diagnostic method based on the complexity of the situation and the individual clinical indicators of the patient.
A research method carried out in a timely and selected research allows you to determine the position of the superficial and deep veins and form an accurate scheme of the therapeutic course according to the indicators.
Conservative treatment
In the initial stages, the reversible varicose veins and, with an approach responsible for the treatment, is completely eliminated.In other cases, to combat expanded veins, they resort to conservative therapy using medications, intravenous corrective medications and special compression linen.Each of this type of treatment has its own indications for the appointment and details of exposure to the disease body.
- Pharmacological therapy.
It implies oral use during a certain period of phlebotropic drugs (phlegotonic, anticoagulants and antioxidants, which contribute to the strengthening of blood vessels and reduce their fragility, better thinning of blood and the normalization of blood flow, eliminating accumulated toxic substances of the body.From edema of gels and ointments. - Arteries sclerotherapy.The method implies the use of special medications that act by hitting the varicose veins affected from the inside.As a result, the reflux is stabilized and is already carried out in healthy containers.The procedure is carried out invasively, through the intravenous administration of the solution.It is prescribed with a certain state of blood vessels and small sizes of venous nodes.
- Ozonotherapy.It is part of cosmetic medicine and consists of the influence of a cold ozone container in the interior space of the container to paste the place of the defect.In addition, the method is actively used to remove vascular mesh does not the state of the skin surface.Effective in the initial stage of the disease.To achieve the desired result, only a few procedures are enough.
- Compression therapy.
It consists of using special medical linen that creates a pressure of several intensity in different parts of the legs, which in turn helps reduce load in the veins and restore blood circulation.The constant use of corrective underwear protects the vessels from stretching and the development of thrombosis.As expected, compression underwear is preventive (minimal compression force), therapeutic (used only during veinosis exacerbation) and hospital (used in the postoperative period in the hospital).It is produced in the form of socks, means, golfs and an elastic bandage.The choice of compression linen is carried out only on the recommendation of a doctor.
These therapy methods have high effectiveness in uncomplicated forms of varicose veins of the lower extremities and help eliminate pain, reduce swelling, improve the valve system, increase the tone of blood flow, normalize blood flow and prevent the development of the negative consequences of the disease.
Surgical methods of exposure exposure
The operation for varicose veins is carried out only in extreme cases when a deep vein lesion with concomitant complications is diagnosed.The indications for the appointment of surgical intervention are:
- Pleasant notable of pathology;
- Thrombophlebitis development;
- Visible expansion of subcutaneous veins;
- Strong swelling and fatigue of the lower extremities;
- Pathological violation of reflux.
The operation under general anesthesia is performed using modern surgical techniques, such as:
- Radio -Prendicity Location of Banedos Views.Restoration of the structure of the veins from the inside using disposable catheter and automatic radio wave generators.
- Endidenous thermal occlusion with paypules (SVS).The impact on the vessels of the abundant warmed steam current.It allows you to penetrate the most inaccessible areas of the venous channel and directly influence the deformed vessels.
- Venic laser coagulation.It implies the use of a laser beam aimed at a sick vein.The procedure does not leave cuts, burns and scars.
- The technique that consists of pasteing the valves of the blood vessels with a special biological glue.
- Varadi Method.The most complex treatment method, which implies the elimination of the affected vessel.Thanks to 100% of efficiency, it is one of the priority methods of neurosurgery.
Despite the high effectiveness of surgical treatment, it often takes place in combination with conservative therapy methods.This approach allows you to accelerate the recovery process and safely fix the result.
Rehabilitation period
During the recovery and future period, a competent rehabilitation program helps in the fight against the varicose veins of the lower extremities, including periodic pharmacological therapy, as well as the fulfillment of the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the implementation of therapeutic gymnastics.
In addition to the physical education of the sanatorium, a patient with a diagnosis of varicose veins, regardless of the development stage and the rehabilitation period, to improve blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation in the veins, is useful for using corrective medical underwear.
Preventive recommendations
To reduce the risk of developing the pathology of the veins, it is enough to adhere to simple but effective advice:
- Try to lead an active image
Live even with static work: Move more, periodically change your position, take brief breaks for gymnastics or rest; - Do not throw one leg on the leg during the seat;
- Do not use strongly tight things;
- Reject high height shoes or sometimes putting them;
- Treat chronic circulatory disorders, especially hemorrhoids;
- As sports hobbies, choose bicycle and swimming walks;
- During the rest, place the legs above the level of the heart;
- Check the energy system and include useful products in the diet;
- Control your weight and try to keep it in constant size;
- Abandon bad habits: smoking, alcohol, fatty food abuse, etc.;
- Take a contrast shower;
- Use a large amount of liquid during the day, from 1.5 to 2 liters;
- Avoid long -term stay to the sun.
The application of these simple recommendations will help not only reduce the speed of varicose veins and relieve unpleasant discomfort in the lower extremities, but also warns its appearance in the future.
The treatment of varicose veins has a variety of reviews depending on the complexity of the diagnostic method and therapy.
"I found varicose veins during pregnancy. I did not take anything to childbirth. But after I had to take emergency measures. I treated the veins with ointments and pills, since the situation was not catastrophic. I am now periodically examined by a phlebologist. There is still no deterioration."
"I learned about varicose veins thanks to sports. Regular loads did not go unnoticed and spilled in the progressive varicose veins of the left leg. The usual treatment did not help, I had to do the operation. I was terribly scared, but now I was happy to have accepted.