The varicose veins in the legs is a chronic change in the exit of the blood, as a result of the influence of the mechanical, toxic, traumatic or other factor.
To better understand the essence of the pathological process, you must consult anatomical information.
The lower extremities are supplied with two main forms:
- In arterial branches.They carry blood rich in oxygen, which only provides useful compound cells.
- Through the veins.The liquid tissue tolerates carbon dioxide and unnecessary substances for processing, in the reverse movement of the blood of the structures, the veins are involved.
It should be noted that different types of blood vessels are not connected or informed, the systems are completely closed.
Blood through the veins moves strictly in one direction.The muscular layer in these structures is quite weak, all work falls into special valves.They are like partitions, doors that do not pass the liquid tissue in the opposite direction of the applied.
In the context of increasing venous pressure, injuries, damage and other factors, valves weaken.The blood goes back, increases the load on the walls of the blood vessels.Vienna wears out many times faster.
Under the mechanical effect, marking structures change their properties and sizes.The varicosis itself begins.
This disease is characterized by deformations of blood vessels, a decrease in their functional activity, protuberance similar to the aneurysm of the walls along the entire length.
Varicosis is dangerous since over time it leads to a break in the line, the formation of blood clots, the death of local fabrics.The treatment must begin immediately, from the moment the pathological process is detected.
A characteristic feature of a disorder is a relatively unbridled progression.The main contingent of patients is men and women over 18 years.
Despite the development relatively without a hurry, the disease behaves unpredictably.Never to say in advance at what point the critical complications will develop.
A doctor who deals with the disease is a float.
Development mechanism
The pathological process is based on heterogeneous factors, if they are generalized and composed of an approximate image, the options will be the following:
Mechanical influence
Increased physical activity in leg veins.It is, for example, with intensive sports.The most common options are the characteristics of professional activity (builders, teachers, chefs and others suffer), body weight gain, since the leg load grows.
There are many possibilities to overcome the pathological process over time.The main thing is to eliminate the abnormal factor.
Traumatic lesions of surrounding tissues
Not the veins themselves, but the areas around it.HORRIDIES OF SOFT STRUCTURES, MUSCLES, LIGAMENTS, PARTIAL AND COMPLETE FRACTURES.
There are two reasons for the development of varicose veins: compression of blood vessels with changed tissues and also unequal redistribution of load in the lower extremities.
Interestingly, guilty of varicose veins can also be diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthritis and the like.
Leg leg compression
This refers to external influence.The violation of the blood flow often causes patients with their own unreasonable actions.
For example, the use of tight means or socks is affected.Especially similar are women who are ready to start health in the search for beauty.
When compressing the legs of the region, which are under the compression site, they are subject to stagnant processes.The venous-linphatic output flow is significantly disturbed.This leads to quickly progressive varicose veins.
There are cases in which the pathological process began later, years later due to negative influence.
Hormonal Balance Violations
Substance production disorders of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and the pituitary gland are affected.
Change can affect other compounds: Reproductive system hormones, androgens, estrogens.They partially regulate the tone of large vessels, veins and arteries.
Genetic characteristics
The infused story, according to research, plays almost the main role in the development of the pathological process.This is not a trigger, but a clear premise that increases probability several times.
Of course, the presence of a relative who suffered varicose veins is not a guarantee of the development of the pathological process, but the probability is significantly greater.
It is necessary to comply with the prevention rules to minimize the risks.
Hypovitaminosis
For normal work, veins regeneration, arteries, ascorbic acid are needed.In addition, group B vitamins, E, D. cannot be a normal restoration of blood vessels without them.They wear quickly, lose their old elasticity.
If the state of deficiency lasts enough, from several months, not to avoid changes from the veins.
The disease develops faster than usual, the progression to a pronounced dangerous stage takes only a few months, a maximum of a couple of years.
Congenital vessel anomalies
The views, as a rule, do not develop in isolation.Other deviations can be found.Therefore, diagnoses are not problems.
Natural states
Pregnancy, severe birth, characteristics of the hormonal background in adolescence or closer to old age.
There are other mechanisms that are less common.For example, poisoning, exposure to the radiation body and others.The most common are named.
Varicose veins is a disease that is characterized by a deviation system: vein deformations, aneurysm formation, stars, thinning of the internal coating.The influence of a group of pathogenetic factors is possible.
Classification
The methods of the unit are related to the stage of the pathological process, its form.Especially in order.
The technique adopted in medicine distinguishes three degrees of disease development:
- Compensated.Symptoms as such are absent, the patient does not present any complaint about health.The pathological process at the beginning of its development.But there are already visible signs: dilated veins stand out through skin thickness.For several years, the violation will go to a new stage.
- Subcompensation.The clinical signs of the varicose vessels are clearly expressed.Among them, it can distinguish pain, leg severity, a feeling of chicken skin, weakness, seizures at night.After resting, they don't get to anything.Visible manifestations are also present.You can make a diagnosis without problems.
- Decompensation.In addition to the mentioned symptoms, additional: numbness of the legs, loss of sensitivity, common cutaneous eruption, constant itching and ardor areas of the lesion.
There are real risks of tissue necrosis, thrombosis.The treatment is urgent, otherwise, not to pass disability.
Standing
There is a generally accepted international typification of the pathological process in the stages (classes):
- 0. The visible symptoms of the disorders are minimal.Patients speak of gravity in the lower extremities.This phase can last indefinitely.
- 1. The stars are formed on the surface of the legs, the veins are expanding and become clearly visible.The clinic is the same yet.The maximum: episodes of night seizures are developed, which are interrupted as quickly and suddenly as they began.
- 2. The clinical signs are identical.With a visual evaluation of the lower extremities, the doctor reveals changes of visible varicose of the veins: branch, stand out, form complex deformations.
- 3. From this stage, the pronounced edema begins.
- 4. Eruptions appear, itching in varicose dermatitis.The skin on the surface of the lesion changes the tone to the dark, significantly compact and dries.It becomes thin, because any mechanical effect causes painful and deep combs.
- 5. Small erosions appear.
- 6. Complete trophic ulcers are developing.
For the complete formation of the pathological process, from 0 to the sixth stage, it takes to several decades.
Symptoms
The clinical image depends on the disorder phase.If you present an average list of demonstrations, the list will be as follows:
- Heaviness on the legs.Especially, after a mechanical load, a long -term work day.Walking, standing in one place becomes problematic.Over time, the symptom only intensifies, indicating the progression of rape and allows you to suspect the varicose veins at the early stage.
- INTOLANCE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.At first, the patient cannot walk for a long time, then stop.If you start a mess, it will only get worse.A person will not be able to climb the stairs without long breaks, breaks.This is due to venous lymphatic stagnation in the expanded veins.
- Pain of different intensities.In the initial stage they are absent.Then, after a few months or years, the severity of the demonstration is growing.The silly and uncomfortable sensations begin.
They intensify after physical activity, with an abrupt change in body position.
In the final stages of the disease, the symptom constantly remains with the patient, does not disappear at all. - Visual Changes of vessels.They look like abnormal ramifications, the formation of leg stars.These manifestations clearly indicate the beginning of the varicose vessels.Therefore, the diagnosis over time is becoming easier.It only remains to clarify the location of the changes and their degree.
- Swelling.They begin gradually, approximately with the second or third stage of the pathological process.First, at the end of the day.Pass after a night.Then, changes in volume are constantly preserved, do not end at all.As a general rule, the signs are related first, then in the other leg.
- Cramps in the dark.The violation of the tone of the muscles, the cramps, is one of the first signs of varicose veins, which is due to the deceleration in the venous lymphatic output, the trophic tissue and cell breathing.
Leg crampsThey prevail at night, accompanied by very severe pain.The patient cannot stand on the affected leg during the day, or even several.Little by little, the frequency of the spasms becomes only higher.
- Itching in the skin.An alarm sign of varicose veins, which characterizes gradual distributions.In the initial stage of erosion, there are still no ulcers.But this is a matter of time.
- Change the shadow of the dermis.Hyperpigmentation.The darkening of the skin surface.Closer to the final phase of the pathological process, the lower part of the leg acquires a rich raspberry tone.
A characteristic symptom of the varicose veins of the lower extremities is the seal of the skin above the lesion, which is associated with thick tissue scars below the surface of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
- The formation of an eruption.So varicose dermatitis.This is an omen of the final stage of the pathological process.Small papules have a lot of itching, they do not allow the patient to live normally.Complications are possible, secondary infection of wound surfaces.
- Trophic ulcers.A clinical sign, which is characterized by the formation of great erosion, foci of tissue decomposition.First: superficial, then fat fiber.And there is no far from necrosis.Therefore, he cannot pull with treatment.
The symptoms of the varicose veins are caused by deteriorated tissue trophic, venous-linphatic output disorders, epidermal destruction and subcutaneous fat.
Clinical signs progress slowly, because there are many possibilities to start timely treatment.The patient's task is not to lose an important point.
Profile specialists who need to contact - phlebologist, dermatologist, hematologist.
Reasons
Varicosis develops as a result of a combination of factors or the influence of one, but a very intense provocateur.
There are several options:
- Physical activityLong walking, standing.In general, such a moment is associated with the characteristics of professional activity, lifestyle.
- InjuriesFractures, full or partial.Also bruises, damage to soft tissues.
- Hypovitaminosis.The lack of substances from Group B, E, D, Ascorbic acid.
- Genetic factorsHereditary moments, family history loaded.The probability of a pathological process increases, but there is no guarantee that the disease begins.
- Myosites in the context of hypothermia, physical overload.
- Arthritis.Joint inflammation.
- Hormonal imbalance.Lack or excess joints of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland.
- Flebitis of the legs of the legs.The cause of varicose veins in inflammation of veins of an infectious or non -pothic nature.
- Vasculitis of the vessels of the lower extremities.Autoimmune lesions.
- Pregnancy.Since the hormonal background changes and load on the legs, the entire musculoskeletal system grows.
- Fertetic period.Up to about 17-20 years.
- Menopause (Andropauza).KlimaxThe gradual attenuation of the reproductive function.
The causes of varicose veins can be traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, distribution.
Diagnosis
Flobologists are involved in the exam.Only then, if necessary, other specialists are connected.Among the methods:
- Oral survey.The doctor should understand what complaints the patient does.
- HANG -Up Collection.The study of the probable origin of the problem.
- Visual evaluation of the state of the legs.By the ground, there is the opportunity to study the nature of the pathological process, its characteristics.
- Palpation.Physical technique
- UZDG.Dopplerography of the legs of the legs.It allows you to detect anatomical changes of the lower extremities, deviations from the speed of blood flow.Used as the main methodology.It makes it possible to make a diagnosis quickly and study the degree of disorder.
- X -Ray.If there is such a need.
- In especially difficult cases, the doctor prescribes a magnetic resonance.
The development of varicose veins in the legs is a sign of expansion of the lower veins of the lower extremities, it can be diagnosed.Next, it remains to be determined the seriousness of the pathology.
Treatment
The therapy in the initial stages is conservative.In total, three approaches to correction can be distinguished.
Medicine.It implies a systematic drug administration.Socks are prescribed that stimulate microcirculation, blood flow, valves, protect the vessels from the greatest destruction of the tissue.
Between groups of funds:
- Venotonics.
- Angioprotectors.
- Vitamins, antioxidants.
In addition, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, massage is actively prescribed, the use of compression point garments is shown.
A conservative technique is used in the initial stages of the disease or for the auxiliary correction in the other main method.
A minimally invasive approach.The treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities implies the destruction of the affected vessels using a special sclerosing medication, liquid nitrogen.
The sclerotherapy or radiofrequency ablation methodology is used in pronounced stages, but not criticism of the disease.
Surgical approach.The treatment of varicose veins in the legs requires the use of laser, electric currents or direct split of the affected vessels: phlebectomy.
The doctor eliminates the average structure, sews final healthy areas, forming anastomosis.Very soon the blood flow is restored.
There are several operational techniques.The choice remains with the doctor.
Forecast
Varicose leg veins are completely cured in the first three stages, then there are risks of complications, irreversible changes in leg tissues: ulcers, muscles atrophy and others.Although survival remains almost 100%.
In the context of necrosis, common erosion, sepsis, the probability of death increases ten times.
In general, the disease is well treated.
Prevention
Preventive measures are very simple, the main thing is to strictly adhere to them:
- DividedEvery hour or two you need to crush.Especially with a sitting/standing lifestyle.
- Using comfortable shoes, socks, socks.Preferably of natural materials.
- Using compression knit garments.
- Light physical activity.Swimming, running.The main thing is not to overwhelm.
- Adequate nutrition.More vitaminized products.
- Optimal consumption mode.1.5-2 liters per day.
The lack of liquid affects negatively, the blood is thick, it moves worse through the vessels, increases the pressure in the venous network.
Consequences
Complications can be mortal.Among the options:
- Muscle dystrophy.
- ParesisPartial loss of sensitivity
- The formation of ulcers with the probability of secondary infection.
- Fabric necrosis.Gangrene.Especially with the defeat of the deep veins.
- Bombosis of the legs of the legs, thrombophlebitis.
- Septicemia.Blood poisoning.
- Disability.
The varicose veins of the lower extremities are a pathological change in the form, structure, elasticity of leg vessels (and not only) with the loss of muscle functions.
The disease develops slowly, but without quality treatment, the result will be deplorable.